How shading impacts your solar system performance

Even small amounts of shading can disproportionately reduce solar output. A shadow covering just one cell in a string can reduce the output of the entire string. New tree growth, nearby construction, or seasonal changes in sun angle can all introduce shading that didn't exist when your system was installed.

Symptoms to watch for

Signs that this issue may be affecting your system

Partial shading

Moderate

New tree growth, nearby construction, or seasonal shading patterns reducing output on part of the array.

Loss: 530%Detection: visual

What you can check yourself

Actions you can take today without professional help

1

Partial shading

Check panels at different times of day. New tree growth or structures may cast shadows that didn't exist when the system was installed.

When to get a professional inspection

Signs you need professional help

-Your system is over 7 years old and you've noticed a production decline
-Production has dropped more than 1% per year compared to year one
-Your system has experienced hail, storms, or physical damage
-You see visible damage: discolouration, bubbling, or cracked glass
-Your inverter shows frequent error codes or unexpected shutdowns

Expected inspection costs

Drone thermal audit

Most comprehensive option

Handheld thermal scan

Best for smaller systems

Electrical inspection

Inverter and wiring only

Find inspection providers

Browse providers — US · UK · Australia · Spain

Is your system affected?

Use our free Solar Loss Checker to get a personalised diagnosis with an action plan.

Based on conservative solar performance modelling and published degradation data

NRELIEA-PVPSSunSpecPVsyst+ published research

Updated June 2026 · Structured performance modelling

How we calculate →

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How shading impacts your solar system performance — By State

Frequently asked questions

How much performance loss is typical for this solar problem?+

Partial shading typically causes 5–30% output loss on residential solar systems, depending on severity, panel count affected, and how long the defect has been present.

Can I detect this issue without a professional inspection?+

Some signs (visible discolouration, hot panels on a clear day, inverter error codes, year-on-year kWh drop > 8%) are observable from monitoring data. For confirmation, a thermal imaging inspection — drone or handheld FLIR — is the gold standard and costs $299–$549 for a residential system.

Is this covered under my panel or inverter warranty?+

Most tier-1 panel warranties cover defects causing performance below 80–85% of nameplate within 25 years, and inverter warranties run 10–12 years. Claims almost always require third-party diagnostic evidence (thermal images, IV-curve traces, or written performance reports).

How fast does this defect get worse if I ignore it?+

Untreated, partial shading can compound — a single hot cell can degrade neighbouring cells through reverse bias, and a failing optimiser or inverter often cascades across strings. Typical degradation acceleration is 2–4× normal once a fault is present.

What does a thermal inspection cost to confirm this?+

A residential thermal solar inspection in the US costs $299–$549, UK £249–£449, and Australia AU$399–AU$699. Drone-based audits are usually at the lower end and complete a 10 kW array in under 20 minutes.

Should I repair, replace, or claim warranty?+

Rule of thumb: if defect-affected panels represent < 10% of array output, repair (e.g. bypass diode replacement, junction box rework). If 10–25% and within warranty period, file a claim. If > 25% and out of warranty, model the payback of partial re-power vs full replacement against current $/W pricing.